✅ How do you log and trace requests in big production applications?

I've recently realized that I don't really know how to log data (other then writing it to a file or console). I've also heard you can trace back a request using logging (or smth). I want to make a small project that would use "better" logging, yet I dont know where to start, what technologies to use, how it works, etc. Pls give me any info/hits/tips on what you use in production