OtlpTracer in an HttpApp setup.makeHandler or merged alongside rpcLayer), spans are never exported:transformLayer passed into makeHandler:HttpApp runtime boundary:OtlpTracer.layer depends on platform/runtime services (scheduler/clock, background fibers, fetch) that are only installed by HttpApp.toWebHandlerLayer, making that the effective injection boundary.transformLayer mechanism to override TracerLive with TracerTestTracer* as such: