My Ender 3 went into thermal runaway today (I shut off power just in time) just before I started to print parts for my Rat Rig build. I checked the thermistor was in place post failure. I also had upgraded the mainboard a while back and has octoprint, and I think thermal runaway is enabled on both. I am going to replace the thermistor as well as update all firmware, octoprint, etc. I know my Ender 3 has needed some TLC for some time, but this isn't the first printer I've worked with to go into thermal runaway. But this lead me to a few questions, especially to add more protection to both this and the rat rig:
1. Are there any hardware solutions to stop thermal runaway? Something like a fuse in the heater line that could trip if too high current too long? Or a setup which uses a secondary thermistor and a relay to cut power to the heater over a maximum value?
2. Redundant thermistors and firmware solution - Any way to incorporate multiple thermistors and some kind of filter where if the error between the thermistors exceeds a certain amount to shut off the heater?
2.1 Some way to connect a smoke detector to a Pi which signals a relay to shut off or something?
3. Any other layers of protection hardware or software that are more than single fault tolerant to give better peace of mind?