Can nuxt 3 middleware be asynchronous?

I am trying the below trivial example with one await and

navigateTo

navigateTo

, resulting in error:

[nuxt] A composable that requires access to the Nuxt instance was called outside of a plugin, Nuxt hook, Nuxt middleware, or Vue setup function.

[nuxt] A composable that requires access to the Nuxt instance was called outside of a plugin, Nuxt hook, Nuxt middleware, or Vue setup function.

const to = await getRouteTo()
return navigateTo(to)

const to = await getRouteTo()
return navigateTo(to)