Need help finding cause of TPS/MSPT

Hello! I've been experiencing lots of "Can't keep up is the server overloaded" spam messages and i want to identify the root cause of this problem.

Is it the entities? plugins? datapacks? All at once?
I will try and follow paperchan's as well as YouHaveTrouble optimization guide later on. otherwise, is there anything i can do to keep server healthy?

What's the best solution to limit entities, optimize hoppers, etc...

Here's a spark report:
https://spark.lucko.me/dEIiHmeLJN
spark is a performance profiler for Minecraft clients, servers, and proxies.
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