how Programming languages are creates ?

Hi. Guys I have a question please , so i study computer science at university , we have built a simple language called NewJava , its syntax is similar to Java, we built the interpreter with c++ , we have done everything lexical thing , grammar , we create token , parse it to create The abstract syntax tree , then for example when we see variable declaration in NewJava such as : ‘’ dec number = 10’’ we store the variable with its value in a hashMap using c++ to keep track with the value, and same thing with other functionalities such as creating obj, array, linkedList , everything we create in NewJava is just converted into c++ w pushed into a hash-table. Our teacher said that this is how programming languages are created, it looked weird to me , because when i read the V8 engine for example i saw that the AST compiled and machine code generated , and not like i study, i want to know if javaScript for example works the same way we created NewJava or not? , thank you !
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