> I however can't find a clear answer on how to use SQL transactions with SQLite and if it may have

I however can't find a clear answer on how to use SQL transactions with SQLite and if it may have a signifiant impact on performance for tables with few thousands of rows
So, is performance of transactions your question?
SQLite DOs are single threaded anyway, so if you will make 200 inserts separately or 1 transaction containing the 200 inserts should have similar performance. The difference is if you have other JS async code in between those inserts.

Within a single transaction all your inserts will be atomic, whereas if you do some and then do async IO (e.g. fetch) and then the rest, your DO could be processing other requests before returning to do the remaining inserts.
If you don't have any async code, then the DO runtime will probably also just do all the inserts in the same (implicit) transaction.
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