@good_for_nothing KV is persistent storage, using KV as an authorization layer is definitely a good

@good_for_nothing KV is persistent storage, using KV as an authorization layer is definitely a good use case, lots of folks use KV for storing nosql data such as allow/deny lists, auth lists, a/b testing groups, other configuration.

Tthomasgauvin @good_for_nothing KV is persistent storage, using KV as an authorization layer i...

Stan Angeloff•10/29/24, 3:50 PM

I recently re-read the "How KV works" article and wanted to flag this up from the article:

KV is not ideal for applications where you need support for atomic operations or where values must be read and written in a single transaction.

In that regard I agree authorization is a good candidate, however lots of developers likely get it confused with authentication and session management — KV might not be a good case for sessions due to it being eventually-consistent. Thoughts I'd bring this up since I have had people on the team ask similar questions.

thomasgauvinOP•10/29/24, 3:52 PM

That's correct, if you need consistent access to your data today, you're better off using another service. However, @good_for_nothing noted

I think we are okay with the eventual consistency of KV as long as it's under a minute or two.

I think we are okay with the eventual consistency of KV as long as it's under a minute or two.

and you will definitely attain that with Workers KV.

thomasgauvinOP•10/29/24, 4:39 PM

On this topic, we're actually currently looking to provide consistent reads in Workers KV to give you more flexibility in how you use KV, if you're interested, please let us know your use case in this thread or DM me!

Tthomasgauvin On this topic, we're actually currently looking to provide consistent reads in W...

Stan Angeloff•10/29/24, 6:34 PM

So KV will turn more like, um, Redis server rather than a Redis cluster, with strong atomic guarantees?

Avi•10/30/24, 4:23 AM

looking for advice - i'm hoping to build a dynamic redirector for an internal tool.

so, staging.example.com -> pr-123.example.workers.dev

Avi•10/30/24, 4:24 AM

what might be a good way to implement this? i'm thinking of a small worker that acts like a transparent proxy, and the proxy URL would be stored in a KV value

Avi•10/30/24, 4:24 AM

the idea is we'd be able to dynamically change the redirect on the fly, like /preview 123

Avi•10/30/24, 4:24 AM

and it'd work ~immediately after

Avi•10/30/24, 4:27 AM

i guess another alternative would be creating a Single Redirect rule via the cloudfalre REST API

AAvi looking for advice - i'm hoping to build a dynamic redirector for an internal to...

Ben•10/30/24, 10:04 AM

Why not just modify dns to CNAME to the worker of your choice?

BBen Why not just modify dns to CNAME to the worker of your choice?

Hello, I’m Allie!•10/30/24, 1:38 PM

Assuming that both are on CF, then you can’t just CNAME them

PPaco ・ francisco.io I wrote a Cloudflare KV wrapper! I'd love feedback and if you'd add/remove thing...

DiamondDragon•10/30/24, 2:59 PM

Amazing- I was writing my own kv methods with the API as I didn’t find another library out there to use kv outside of a worker

BBen Why not just modify dns to CNAME to the worker of your choice?

Avi•10/30/24, 4:32 PM

yes that’s right, you can’t CNAME to another worker afaik

Avi•10/30/24, 4:32 PM

i ended up just building a worker to act as a transparent proxy

AAvi looking for advice - i'm hoping to build a dynamic redirector for an internal to...

thomasgauvinOP•10/31/24, 4:49 PM

This seems very similar to a URL shortener. Very valid, KV is a good choice

thomasgauvinOP•11/4/24, 7:26 PM

KV update:

2024-11-04: We recently updated our REST API docs to reflect that Workers KV analytics REST APIs (https://developers.cloudflare.com/api/operations/workers-kv-request-analytics-query-request-analytics and https://developers.cloudflare.com/api/operations/workers-kv-stored-data-analytics-query-stored-data-analytics) are deprecated and will be shut down on January 31, 2025.

This follows our previous changelog entry of this deprecation and announcement of the Workers KV GraphQL API https://developers.cloudflare.com/kv/platform/changelog/#2024-08-08. The GraphQL API is the way to get analytics for your Workers KV namespaces going forward, since it provides a lot of the granularity and flexibility that you've been asking for such as per-namespace analytics and is unified with the rest of the developer platform products.

If you are using the Workers KV analytics REST APIs (https://developers.cloudflare.com/api/operations/workers-kv-request-analytics-query-request-analytics and https://developers.cloudflare.com/api/operations/workers-kv-stored-data-analytics-query-stored-data-analytics), migrate to the new GraphQL API for Workers KV analytics. Refer to our docs for more information on the GraphQL API and sample queries https://developers.cloudflare.com/kv/observability/metrics-analytics/

You may have received an email recently if we've detected you're still using these KV analytics APIs reminding you of this deprecation. (CC @Workers KV for those who subscribed)

PJP•11/6/24, 4:17 PM

Does anyone have a reference code on how to create a full export of a kv namespace? I am trying to write one myself but I am running into a lot of different issues, ranging from invalid cursors to max subrequest errors and/or inconsistent results. The kv I am testing with shows about 8.5k records in the cloudflare ui where I am already running into issues, the different production kv I will need to export will have around 144k entries so I am a bit worried about being able to export it successfully.

My use-case is that we have a kv setup with redirects (key is the original url, target url is the value of the kv record), with data imported overtime from multiple files and we now sadly lack a "master file" with all our data. So to create this masterfile I want to export the current state of the kv into a csv so that the data can be analysed by business users in excel.

Mitya•11/7/24, 3:43 PM

Hi everyone, I'm new to KV and have been reading this guide. It talks about storing and serving static assets. My question is: what are the advantages of using KV for this rather than a public R2 bucket?

MMitya Hi everyone, I'm new to KV and have been reading [this guide](https://developers...

Hello, I’m Allie!•11/7/24, 4:11 PM

Well, this guide looks to be from back when Workers Sites were still a thing. You can use Assets now for free asset serving

Hello, I’m Allie!•11/7/24, 4:11 PM

Another thing too is that per-key RPS can scale a bit better with KV as compared to R2 + built-in caching

PPJP Does anyone have a reference code on how to create a full export of a kv namespa...

thomasgauvinOP•11/7/24, 5:23 PM

Like HardlyWorkin' said, there are a lot of better options than a public R2 bucket for serving static assets. Pages (https://developers.cloudflare.com/pages/) and Workers assets (https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/static-assets/) provide hosting built for serving static sites. Using R2 and KV, while possible, would be sort of rebuilding what Pages & Workers assets do (can be valid in some cases!)

Tthomasgauvin Like HardlyWorkin' said, there are a lot of better options than a public R2 buck...

Hello, I’m Allie!•11/7/24, 5:32 PM

Actually, would be pretty cool to have Assets+, that could fallback to R2 instead of KV for large assets

Himakar•11/8/24, 6:47 AM

What is the maximum limit of kv namespace for enterprise edition?

HHimakar What is the maximum limit of kv namespace for enterprise edition?

fry69•11/8/24, 7:07 AM

These are the official limits -> https://developers.cloudflare.com/kv/platform/limits/
Otherwise talk to your enterprise support contact you should have when you are on an enterprise plan.

Cloudflare Docs

Limits | Cloudflare Workers KV

Tthomasgauvin Like HardlyWorkin' said, there are a lot of better options than a public R2 buck...

Mitya•11/8/24, 4:08 PM

Thanks, both.

kw•11/11/24, 8:49 PM

Error: KV PUT failed: 429 Too Many Requests
what is the rate limit on put?

Walshy•11/11/24, 10:19 PM

https://developers.cloudflare.com/kv/platform/limits/

Walshy•11/11/24, 10:19 PM

1 write per key per second

kw•11/12/24, 5:38 AM

another quick question, will put update remove the expiration if I don’t include it?

kv.put(key, value, {expiration: x}) // Create the KV pairs

kv.put(key,value2) // Update the value only

kw•11/12/24, 5:39 AM

In this case, is the expiration updated?

carlos-alberto•11/12/24, 4:16 PM

Is anyone else seeing elevated error rates on KV puts over the last week or so?

Kkw another quick question, will put update remove the expiration if I don’t includ...

thomasgauvinOP•11/12/24, 8:18 PM

Put won't remove the expiration if you don't include it, but it will overwrite it if you provide a new expiration

Ccarlos-alberto Is anyone else seeing elevated error rates on KV puts over the last week or so?

thomasgauvinOP•11/12/24, 8:19 PM

Can you share you namespace id?

thomasgauvinOP•11/14/24, 3:12 PM

Are you using the REST API? That has an account wide rate limit, and we’d recommend catching your operations using the bulk operations endpoints of the REST API

Peps•11/14/24, 6:29 PM

Continuing from https://ptb.discord.com/channels/595317990191398933/779390076219686943/1306685718621323308

It appears my reported read latencies are higher than they're supposed to be. Most of the reads are hot, but still my p90 is about 230ms, which is much higher than I would expect.

Namespace ID: 21fd681cd0074337b08b56b98d1bd07c21fd681cd0074337b08b56b98d1bd07c

cc @thomasgauvin

Peps•11/14/24, 6:30 PM

(I personally don't actively work on this specific project that uses this namespace, but I can grab any info if needed)

PPeps Continuing from https://ptb.discord.com/channels/595317990191398933/779390076219...

thomasgauvinOP•11/15/24, 12:46 PM

What’s happening here is that they are regionally cached but not locally cached, so they get tagged as cache but I would hypothesize that your traffic is still pretty spread out and doesn’t regularly have >1 RPS to the same key within a Cloudflare region

Original message was deleted

thomasgauvinOP•11/15/24, 12:48 PM

If this is the case, you’re probably getting Cloudflare-wide API rate limits. https://developers.cloudflare.com/fundamentals/api/reference/limits/#:~:text=The%20global%20rate%20limit%20for,receiving%20a%20HTTP%20429%20response.

If you have an enterprise account, you could contact your account team to increase these

Cloudflare Docs

Limits | Cloudflare Fundamentals docs

The global rate limit for the Cloudflare API is 1200 requests per five minutes per user, and applies cumulatively regardless of whether the request is made via the dashboard, API key, or API token.

thomasgauvinOP•11/15/24, 12:49 PM

How are you using KV within your app/can you share more context about the use case? Trying to understand what’s the right solution here

Original message was deleted

thomasgauvinOP•11/15/24, 8:35 PM

every account has account-wide rate limits of 1200 requests per 5 minutes. That applies to using Workers KV via the REST API (which is what the cloudflarecloudflare npm package is calling).

We know that's limiting and we have ongoing efforts to revisit how rate limiting is applied, but this is months away (requires per product instance rate limiting).

I strongly recommend using the Workers KV binding that should be using from within your Workers https://developers.cloudflare.com/kv/api/read-key-value-pairs/. Is there a reason why you aren't using the binding currently?

thomasgauvinOP•11/15/24, 8:50 PM

KV update:

2024-11-14: We updated our REST API docs to add granular errors to bulk operations endpoints for writes and deletes. https://developers.cloudflare.com/kv/platform/changelog/#2024-11-14

The response body of those endpoints now contain unsuccessful_keysunsuccessful_keys and successful_key_countsuccessful_key_count in the

result

result

field. https://developers.cloudflare.com/api/operations/workers-kv-namespace-write-multiple-key-value-pairs#Responses

This gives you a way to know which of the KV pairs have been properly written/deleted in a bulk operation and enables you to retry only the unsuccessful keys in the event of an error.

(CC @Workers KV for those who subscribed)

Tthomasgauvin What’s happening here is that they are regionally cached but not locally cached,...

Peps•11/15/24, 9:21 PM

ah I see, makes sense. Thanks for the clarification!

Chaika•11/17/24, 9:50 PM

?crossposting -> d1-database

Flare•11/17/24, 9:50 PM

Please do not post your question in multiple channels/post it multiple times per the rules at ⁠#

welcome-and-rules. It creates confusion for people trying to help you and doesn't get your issue or question solved any faster.

Xxiaoyu2er hi i have a question, is kv faster than d1, is there any official benchmark? i ...

thomasgauvinOP•11/18/24, 3:13 PM

Hi @xiaoyu2er, that comparison is outdated. Workers KV is the fastest way to retrieve data from a Worker, especially for high read throughput.

Workers KV makes use of caching across the Cloudflare network internally to make sure that highly requested items are very fast. That means that it's ideal for configuration data, non-relational data, A/B tests, user preferences, that requires very high read throughput (high requests per second) and that have infrequent reads. The caching means that your data is effectively global.

You'd use D1 for your general application data. It can handle lower throughput but provides consistency, which you may need if you want to immediately see writes. This is why it's recommended for general application data.

The big part that is missing from the benchmark above, in addition to it being outdated, is regionality. KV is replicated globally, whereas D1 is currently single-region.

Jak•11/22/24, 4:09 PM

Hi - Is there a difference in the below two calls? I'm getting two different results for

const value = await env.NAMESPACE.list({ prefix: "testing" });

vs

a call to

https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4
/accounts/{account_id}/storage/kv/namespaces/{namespace_id}/keys/prefix=testing

https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4
/accounts/{account_id}/storage/kv/namespaces/{namespace_id}/keys/prefix=testing

It seems that the default should be 1000 if not provided. My storage has around 200-300 items with the prefix but the first one would return an arbitrary number at times(e.g. 50, 93) while the rest call would always return all of them. I wonder if the first case could be suffering from

It is possible to have an empty array in keys, but still have more keys to fetch, because recently expired or deleted keys ↗ must be iterated through but will not be included in the returned keys.

It is possible to have an empty array in keys, but still have more keys to fetch, because recently expired or deleted keys ↗ must be iterated through but will not be included in the returned keys.

where the deleted ones are counted as part of the limit but the second one is not?

Tthomasgauvin Hi @xiaoyu2er, that comparison is outdated. Workers KV is the fastest way to ret...

thomasgauvinOP•11/22/24, 8:03 PM

Hi folks, we added a section to the Choose a data or storage productChoose a data or storage product documentation to help compare and contrast KV and D1, hope it helps! https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/platform/storage-options/#workers-kv-vs-d1

Kimitri•11/23/24, 7:08 AM

Hi folks, I have a question, I came from traditional Node.js Express REST apis that caches with mysql database data with Redis, so I don't know if I understand KV well, but it's like Redis and is good to use it to cache database list results for performance improvement, or is D1 enough for this purpose? Or the purpose of KV is cache the entire response from a Worker?

@good_for_nothing KV is persistent storage, using KV as an authorization layer is definitely a good

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