anyone has examples for testing workflows?

F

flash716•12/11/24, 3:58 PM

Is there any way to tell in a step that you are in a retry? If not, what's the recommended way to handle a clean-up that only runs after the last retry?

VVinz Can you pls. elaborate on how I would "bind" the workflow I have created to the ...

M

Matt Silverlock•12/11/24, 4:52 PM

You would need to call the Worker over HTTP (e.g. make a fetch() call) or a Service Binding (aka "RPC") - https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/runtime-apis/bindings/service-bindings/#_top

which means only your Pages function can call the Worker and your Worker can reject any direct HTTP requests

Cloudflare Docs

Service bindings - Runtime APIs · Cloudflare Workers docs

Facilitate Worker-to-Worker communication.

M

Matt Silverlock•12/11/24, 4:54 PM

Pages specific: https://developers.cloudflare.com/pages/functions/bindings/#service-bindings

Cloudflare Docs

Bindings · Cloudflare Pages docs

A binding enables your Pages Functions to interact with resources on the Cloudflare developer platform. Use bindings to integrate your Pages Functions with Cloudflare resources like KV, Durable Objects, R2, and D1. You can set bindings for both production and preview environments.

DDiogo Ferreira Can you please confirm you are seeing this in local dev?

D

dave•12/11/24, 5:44 PM

Yes.

MMatt Silverlock What version of wrangler are you using?

D

dave•12/11/24, 5:52 PM

3.95.0

M

Miguel Franco•12/11/24, 6:20 PM

When configuring the step retry settings by setting both limit and delay to 0, the application throws an error: "e2.match is not a function". The error is only related to the delay, setting the limit to 0 works fine.

VVinz Can you pls. elaborate on how I would "bind" the workflow I have created to the ...

M

Matt Silverlock•12/11/24, 6:34 PM

Published a new (draft) doc that shows some examples: https://silverlock-workflows-pages.cloudflare-docs-7ou.pages.dev/workflows/build/call-workflows-from-pages/

Cloudflare Docs

Call Workflows from Pages · Cloudflare Workflows docs

You can bind and trigger Workflows from Pages Functions by deploying a Workers project with your Workflow definition and then invoking that Worker using service bindings or a standard fetch() call.

Sskorfmann anyone has examples for testing workflows?

S

skorfmannOP•12/11/24, 8:54 PM

saw this blog post (https://blog.cloudflare.com/workers-vitest-integration/) which states: "Test anything exported from a Worker" - Just trying this with workflows, but running into

[vpw:inf] Starting isolated runtimes for vitest.config.mts...
Worker "workflows:shipped"'s binding "USER_WORKFLOW" refers to service "core:user:vitest-pool-workers-runner-" with a named entrypoint "ShippedWorkflow", but "core:user:vitest-pool-workers-runner-" has no such named entrypoint.

running the worker via

npm run dev

npm run dev

npm run dev

npm run dev works as expected. Ideas?

The Cloudflare Blog

Improved Cloudflare Workers testing via Vitest and workerd

Today, we’re excited to announce a new Workers Vitest integration - allowing you to write unit and integration tests via the popular testing framework, Vitest, that execute directly in our runtime, workerd!

Sskorfmann saw this blog post (https://blog.cloudflare.com/workers-vitest-integration/) whi...

S

skorfmannOP•12/11/24, 8:57 PM

ok, just saw this issue https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-sdk/issues/7414

GitHub

🐛 BUG: Vitest does not work with workflows · Issue #7414 · cloudfla...

Which Cloudflare product(s) does this pertain to? Miniflare, Other What version(s) of the tool(s) are you using? 0.5.32 [@cloudflare/vitest-pool-workers], 3.91.0 [wrangler] What version of Node are...

O

oof2win2•12/12/24, 12:37 AM

is there some way to temporarily fix/workaround the issue of instances getting into the stuck state, where they don't have any input and aren't triggered? is it like a thing with how many instances are created on a per-second basis?

O

oof2win2•12/12/24, 1:58 AM

seems it isn't a creation per second issue. have it in a queue, between each item there is a 1 second delay.

R

Rakhim•12/12/24, 11:10 AM

There're several messages about

An RPC stub was not disposed properly

An RPC stub was not disposed properly

An RPC stub was not disposed properly

An RPC stub was not disposed properly, but I still couldn't figure out the issue. I made a minimal reproducible example. My workflow has 1 step and does nothing except for logging:

export class AddOrUpdateItemWorkflow extends WorkflowEntrypoint<Bindings, Params> {
    async run(event: WorkflowEvent<Params>, step: WorkflowStep) {
        await step.do('assign item sqid', async () => {
            console.log(event.payload.item.title);
        });
    }
}

export class AddOrUpdateItemWorkflow extends WorkflowEntrypoint<Bindings, Params> {
    async run(event: WorkflowEvent<Params>, step: WorkflowStep) {
        await step.do('assign item sqid', async () => {
            console.log(event.payload.item.title);
        });
    }
}

export class AddOrUpdateItemWorkflow extends WorkflowEntrypoint<Bindings, Params> {
    async run(event: WorkflowEvent<Params>, step: WorkflowStep) {
        await step.do('assign item sqid', async () => {
            console.log(event.payload.item.title);
        });
    }
}

export class AddOrUpdateItemWorkflow extends WorkflowEntrypoint<Bindings, Params> {
    async run(event: WorkflowEvent<Params>, step: WorkflowStep) {
        await step.do('assign item sqid', async () => {
            console.log(event.payload.item.title);
        });
    }
}

My worker calls it like so

const instance = await env.ADD_UPDATE_ITEM_WORKFLOW.create({params: { item }});
console.log(instance.id);
console.log(await instance.status());

const instance = await env.ADD_UPDATE_ITEM_WORKFLOW.create({params: { item }});
console.log(instance.id);
console.log(await instance.status());

const instance = await env.ADD_UPDATE_ITEM_WORKFLOW.create({params: { item }});
console.log(instance.id);
console.log(await instance.status());

const instance = await env.ADD_UPDATE_ITEM_WORKFLOW.create({params: { item }});
console.log(instance.id);
console.log(await instance.status());

When testing locally, in about 25% of cases I get:

[ERROR] An RPC stub was not disposed properly. You must call dispose() on all stubs in order to let the other side know that you are no longer using them. You cannot rely on the garbage collector for this because it may take arbitrarily long before actually collecting unreachable objects. As a shortcut, calling dispose() on the result of an RPC call disposes all stubs within it.

[ERROR] An RPC stub was not disposed properly. You must call dispose() on all stubs in order to let the other side know that you are no longer using them. You cannot rely on the garbage collector for this because it may take arbitrarily long before actually collecting unreachable objects. As a shortcut, calling dispose() on the result of an RPC call disposes all stubs within it.

[ERROR] An RPC stub was not disposed properly. You must call dispose() on all stubs in order to let the other side know that you are no longer using them. You cannot rely on the garbage collector for this because it may take arbitrarily long before actually collecting unreachable objects. As a shortcut, calling dispose() on the result of an RPC call disposes all stubs within it.

[ERROR] An RPC stub was not disposed properly. You must call dispose() on all stubs in order to let the other side know that you are no longer using them. You cannot rely on the garbage collector for this because it may take arbitrarily long before actually collecting unreachable objects. As a shortcut, calling dispose() on the result of an RPC call disposes all stubs within it.

Is this a Miniflare issue or I'm missing something fundamental? The workflows seemingly finish correctly without errors.

RRakhim There're several messages about `An RPC stub was not disposed properly`, but I s...

M

Matt Silverlock•12/12/24, 11:22 AM

Miniflare/local dev. What version of wrangler are you on?

MMatt Silverlock Miniflare/local dev. What version of wrangler are you on?

R

Rakhim•12/12/24, 11:23 AM

Latest wrangler

3.95.0

3.95.0

3.95.0

3.95.0

M

Matt Silverlock•12/12/24, 11:23 AM

Got it. We’ll take a look!

RRakhim There're several messages about `An RPC stub was not disposed properly`, but I s...

M

Matt Silverlock•12/12/24, 11:24 AM

@Diogo Ferreira FYI

R

Rakhim•12/12/24, 3:45 PM

I'm now using Workflows in production. Dozens of runs, everything works great! The ability to view each instance in the dashboard is very cool and helps a lot.
I have noticed, however, that each instance run produced an error log like this:

{
    "$cloudflare": {
      "diagnosticsChannelEvents": [],
      "truncated": false,
      "event": {
        "rpcMethod": "run"
      },
      "scriptName": "minifeed",
      "outcome": "exception",
      "eventType": "rpc",
      "entrypoint": "AddOrUpdateItemWorkflow",
      "scriptVersion": {
        "id": "44488eac-<REDACTED>-b1db278bc4cc"
      },
      "executionModel": "stateless",
      "$metadata": {
        "requestId": "L7NQ<REDACTED>U6AF",
        "id": "01JE<REDACTED>VKMK8",
        "type": "cf-worker-event",
        "error": "run"
      }
    },
    "level": "error",
    "message": "run"
  }

{
    "$cloudflare": {
      "diagnosticsChannelEvents": [],
      "truncated": false,
      "event": {
        "rpcMethod": "run"
      },
      "scriptName": "minifeed",
      "outcome": "exception",
      "eventType": "rpc",
      "entrypoint": "AddOrUpdateItemWorkflow",
      "scriptVersion": {
        "id": "44488eac-<REDACTED>-b1db278bc4cc"
      },
      "executionModel": "stateless",
      "$metadata": {
        "requestId": "L7NQ<REDACTED>U6AF",
        "id": "01JE<REDACTED>VKMK8",
        "type": "cf-worker-event",
        "error": "run"
      }
    },
    "level": "error",
    "message": "run"
  }

{
    "$cloudflare": {
      "diagnosticsChannelEvents": [],
      "truncated": false,
      "event": {
        "rpcMethod": "run"
      },
      "scriptName": "minifeed",
      "outcome": "exception",
      "eventType": "rpc",
      "entrypoint": "AddOrUpdateItemWorkflow",
      "scriptVersion": {
        "id": "44488eac-<REDACTED>-b1db278bc4cc"
      },
      "executionModel": "stateless",
      "$metadata": {
        "requestId": "L7NQ<REDACTED>U6AF",
        "id": "01JE<REDACTED>VKMK8",
        "type": "cf-worker-event",
        "error": "run"
      }
    },
    "level": "error",
    "message": "run"
  }

{
    "$cloudflare": {
      "diagnosticsChannelEvents": [],
      "truncated": false,
      "event": {
        "rpcMethod": "run"
      },
      "scriptName": "minifeed",
      "outcome": "exception",
      "eventType": "rpc",
      "entrypoint": "AddOrUpdateItemWorkflow",
      "scriptVersion": {
        "id": "44488eac-<REDACTED>-b1db278bc4cc"
      },
      "executionModel": "stateless",
      "$metadata": {
        "requestId": "L7NQ<REDACTED>U6AF",
        "id": "01JE<REDACTED>VKMK8",
        "type": "cf-worker-event",
        "error": "run"
      }
    },
    "level": "error",
    "message": "run"
  }

But each run's status is

Successful

Successful

Successful

Successful nevertheless.

VVinz Follow up questions: a) if a workflow is completed, can I then create a new one ...

M

Matt Silverlock•12/12/24, 6:16 PM

Workflow instance IDs are unique per Workflow. The ID is the "the" identifier for finding the logs, metrics and status of an instance, even after completion. Re-using IDs would make it very hard to know if something was kicked off before.
Why not pass the
```
userId
```
userId
```
userId
```
userId
in the params, generate a composite ID e.g.
```
${userId}-${randomHex}
```
${userId}-${randomHex}
```
${userId}-${randomHex}
```
${userId}-${randomHex}
- and store that ID in D1? What if you had more Workflows you wanted to run for a given userId in the future? Emails? Cleanup? Different message campaigns? etc
Error

A

alex (he/him)•12/13/24, 7:09 AM

Is there a way to get the ID inside of the workflow, maybe inside of the

event

event

event

event param?

Aalex (he/him)Is there a way to get the ID inside of the workflow, maybe inside of the `event`...

M

Matt Silverlock•12/13/24, 11:42 AM

Not yet but should be easy something we can add as a top-level prop on the

WorkflowEvent

WorkflowEvent

WorkflowEvent

WorkflowEvent

@Seekerdasbatatas?

S

skorfmannOP•12/13/24, 2:34 PM

a question regarding pricing https://developers.cloudflare.com/workflows/reference/pricing/

Requests (invocations): the number of Workflow invocations. Subrequests made from a Workflow do not incur additional request costs.

A Request in this context means the initial creation of the Workflow instance, or each individual step?

Cloudflare Docs

Pricing · Cloudflare Workflows docs

Workflows pricing is identical to Workers Standard pricing and are billed on two dimensions:

Sskorfmann a question regarding pricing https://developers.cloudflare.com/workflows/referen...

D

D Trombett•12/13/24, 3:09 PM

The creation of workflow. You are allowed to run a maximum of 512 steps per workflow

Sskorfmann a question regarding pricing https://developers.cloudflare.com/workflows/referen...

M

Matt Silverlock•12/13/24, 4:10 PM

Added additional clarity here:

MMatt Silverlock Not yet but should be easy something we can add as a top-level prop on the `Work...

S

Seekerdasbatatas•12/13/24, 7:04 PM

I'll check it out next week

D

D Trombett•12/13/24, 11:11 PM

One thing that imho could be very cool too is a method to list all the running workflows

DD Trombett One thing that imho could be very cool too is a method to list all the running w...

M

Matt Silverlock•12/14/24, 1:56 PM

Right now you can also use the REST API (but something we can look into on the binding)

DD Trombett One thing that imho could be very cool too is a method to list all the running w...

M

Matt Silverlock•12/14/24, 1:56 PM

https://developers.cloudflare.com/api-next/resources/workflows/subresources/instances/

the JS SDK

Cloudflare API | Workflows › Instances

Interact with Cloudflare's products and services via the Cloudflare API

M

Matt Silverlock•12/14/24, 1:59 PM

import Cloudflare from 'cloudflare';

const client = new Cloudflare({
  apiToken: this.env.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN
});

for await (const instance of client.workflows.instances.list('my-workflow', { account_id: this.env.ACCOUNT_ID, status: "running"})) {
  console.log(instance.id);
}

import Cloudflare from 'cloudflare';

const client = new Cloudflare({
  apiToken: this.env.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN
});

for await (const instance of client.workflows.instances.list('my-workflow', { account_id: this.env.ACCOUNT_ID, status: "running"})) {
  console.log(instance.id);
}

import Cloudflare from 'cloudflare';

const client = new Cloudflare({
  apiToken: this.env.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN
});

for await (const instance of client.workflows.instances.list('my-workflow', { account_id: this.env.ACCOUNT_ID, status: "running"})) {
  console.log(instance.id);
}

import Cloudflare from 'cloudflare';

const client = new Cloudflare({
  apiToken: this.env.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN
});

for await (const instance of client.workflows.instances.list('my-workflow', { account_id: this.env.ACCOUNT_ID, status: "running"})) {
  console.log(instance.id);
}

MMatt Silverlock ```ts import Cloudflare from 'cloudflare'; const client = new Cloudflare({ ap...

D

D Trombett•12/14/24, 3:10 PM

Thanks, this looks perfect!

M

Mozzy•12/14/24, 6:29 PM

I have a non-Workflow function that fetches, validates with Zod, and then puts data to KV.
I was thinking I could break up each step into a Workflow step, but unfortunately, the data is well above the limit:

Serialized RPC arguments or return values are limited to 1MiB, but the size of this value was: 4972045 bytes.

Serialized RPC arguments or return values are limited to 1MiB, but the size of this value was: 4972045 bytes.

Serialized RPC arguments or return values are limited to 1MiB, but the size of this value was: 4972045 bytes.

Serialized RPC arguments or return values are limited to 1MiB, but the size of this value was: 4972045 bytes.

Do I just need to put this all into 1 step to make it work?

M

Mozzy•12/14/24, 6:33 PM

But then I also feel like I lose parts of what Workflows are

M

Mozzy•12/14/24, 7:02 PM

Would it make sense to store the data in an array outside the steps like so:

Declare variable
In Step 1: fetch data and store in variable
In Step 2: use the data from the variable

MMozzy Would it make sense to store the data in an array outside the steps like so: 1. ...

I

Isaac McFadyen•12/14/24, 7:04 PM

No because state outside a step may be cleared at any time: https://developers.cloudflare.com/workflows/build/rules-of-workflows/#do-not-rely-on-state-outside-of-a-step

MMozzy But then I also feel like I lose parts of what Workflows are

I

Isaac McFadyen•12/14/24, 7:06 PM

Not really, because that concept is idempotent so can be put in one step:

fetch fails, so both ways would fail anyway
zod validation fails, which causes a failure in both scenarios
insert into KV fails in which case you can safely fetch again

M

Mozzy•12/14/24, 7:07 PM

It's more that I would like to have retries on the fetch part only

M

Mozzy•12/14/24, 7:09 PM

Like, if the KV or validation fails, I don't want to redo the fetching
I know I can implement this myself within the step, but I'm looking to learn Workflows and that would feel unintuitive

MMozzy It's more that I would like to have retries on the fetch part only

I

Isaac McFadyen•12/14/24, 7:12 PM

How expensive is the fetch?

IIsaac McFadyen How expensive is the fetch?

M

Mozzy•12/14/24, 7:14 PM

It's to a resource I don't own so I'd rather not do any more than I need to. It's also several fetches per run

C

Carl•12/14/24, 7:20 PM

is there a recommended number of workflows per worker. the indefinite queued state is becoming an issue so i'm exploring have each workflow with it's own worker (not an ideal situation and not sure if it might improve things).

P

peachneo•12/15/24, 4:55 AM

is the concurrent execution limit likely to be raised significantly (like over 100k) once the beta is complete? (Trying to figure out if I'm better off using DOs or workflows)

Y

yzziK•12/15/24, 3:35 PM

Hey so i have a rag workflow pipeline for a hackathon the issue is the steps are failing with
"Too many subrequests." for generating embeddings and storing it into neon db(its a requirement thats why i cant use service binding to D1). are there any subrequest limits in workflows ??

-free tier account

Y

yzziK•12/15/24, 4:34 PM

Ok found it 50 subrequests only

YyzziK Hey so i have a rag workflow pipeline for a hackathon the issue is the steps are...

M

Matt Silverlock•12/15/24, 5:03 PM

Same as Workers: 50 on free, 1000 on Paid.

YyzziK Hey so i have a rag workflow pipeline for a hackathon the issue is the steps are...

M

Matt Silverlock•12/15/24, 5:04 PM

https://developers.cloudflare.com/workflows/reference/limits/

Cloudflare Docs