@Jun I'm curious are the retried queris billable? What I mean is, if I send a single read, and CF

@Jun I'm curious are the retried queris billable?

What I mean is, if I send a single read, and CF did a retry. Does that count as 2 reads in my bill

EEhbraheem @Jun I'm curious are the retried queris billable? What I mean is, if I send a ...

Larry•9/12/25, 12:42 AM

If it happens often enough to be detectable in your bill, you have bigger things to worry about.

Llambrospetrou Hey folks, for those that don't read changelogs, we documented the automatic ret...

James•9/12/25, 1:33 AM

This is an awesome addition to D1 :MeowHeartCloudflare:

EEhbraheem @Jun I'm curious are the retried queris billable? What I mean is, if I send a ...

lambrospetrou•9/12/25, 6:57 AM

Fair question we did think about. Short answer is that it should not happen in practice, although in theory it is possible.
There is a very rare case that attempt 1 executed on the underlying database, published stats about rows read/written, and then the response failed to be returned back to our D1 worker (what your code is calling through the D1 worker binding), so the worker will retry the query.
In our experience with the errors we see is that the vast majority of them is literally not even reaching the database in the first place (or failing before start execution), and the retries are meant to solve that problem mostly in case of transient errors. Also, if the response failed to come back to us, probably the retry will fail too since it is probably a network issue.

I haven't notice this being an issue in a few accounts I have been spot checking over the past few weeks, but please, if you do notice in your case some billing issue, let us know. We are still monitoring the retry success ratios and considering more improvements to do over time, so any feedback is welcome.

Remember, D1 is not billing on requests, but on actual rows read and written successfully.

Original message was deleted

lambrospetrou•9/12/25, 7:42 AM

I will ping the team about this. Is the beacon_minorbeacon_minor column newly added through the Studio or did it exist before you made changes through the Studio UI?

Original message was deleted

Visal .In•9/12/25, 7:55 AM

Could you provide the schema of your table?

Visal .In•9/12/25, 8:06 AM

I see. Trigger editor support is also on our roadmap for this month. Glad you figured it out! We’ll continue improving the studio experience, and please feel free to share here if you encounter any issues or have suggestions for specific areas of improvement.

Llambrospetrou Fair question we did think about. Short answer is that it should not happen in p...

EhbraheemOP•9/12/25, 10:23 AM

Awesome, thank you @lambrospetrou for the detailed response

Perry•9/12/25, 1:29 PM

i m currently using cloudflare workers and Kv , and some other DB just for the sake of GUI, i would love to use Cloudflare D1 is there a way to have some GUI on D1??

PPerry i m currently using cloudflare workers and Kv , and some other DB just for the ...

Brayden•9/12/25, 1:34 PM

There is a Studio (SQL browser) interface inside of Cloudflare for D1. Click the blue "Explore data" button when inside a D1 instance, or the "..." menu next to an item in the resource list page when you first click D1 from the sidebar.

dev.itsarun•9/12/25, 9:28 PM

https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-sdk/issues/10638

Guys Please have a View and Share your Reactions ?

GitHub

Support Exporting D1 Data in JSON & CSV Formats with Encoding Optio...

Describe the solution Currently, wrangler d1 export supports exporting schema and data in SQL format only. It would be very helpful if wrangler could support alternative export formats such as JSON...

Original message was deleted

Praefe•9/12/25, 9:36 PM

Surely someones created a worker template for this by now

gruntlord6•9/13/25, 1:13 AM

I'm pretty sure sqlite can do that once you export the .sql

PPraefe Surely someones created a worker template for this by now

Brayden•9/13/25, 11:22 AM

I made one if you go to D1 in the dashboard there are templates on the right side where you can one click deploy.

You can also find it here: https://github.com/Brayden/d1-secret-rest

GitHub

GitHub - Brayden/d1-secret-rest: Fetch results or execute queries a...

Fetch results or execute queries against a D1 CRUD REST API - Brayden/d1-secret-rest

blyedev•9/14/25, 10:10 AM

HI Team I'm prototyping some very simple database running sql queries manually, it seems that on safari if the sql is long enough it overflows and the screen is not scrollable so i can only see the top part of the query itself not even the result.

blyedev•9/14/25, 10:11 AM

To be more precise only the summary is not scrollable the query result is perfectly fine. I think the query I executed may have resulted in an error as well, if that's relevant

Sb•9/14/25, 10:21 AM

Hello

The d1 pricing is based on rows read and write.

What if I read something but it does not result in any row (no row exist for that query in the db)

Will it be counted in the billing ???

maj•9/14/25, 11:16 AM

How are the SQL lower()lower() and upper()upper() supposed to work with non latin or accented characters? select lower('Édith Piaf');select lower('Édith Piaf'); returns "Édith piaf" - which obviously isn't lower case. Therefor many of my exact searches fail.

SSb Hello The d1 pricing is based on rows read and write. What if I read something...

Isaac McFadyen•9/14/25, 1:21 PM

What if I read something but it does not result in any row (no row exist for that query in the db)

Rows are still read to search for that row, so yes it will count.

Isaac McFadyen•9/14/25, 1:22 PM

Either a full table scan (which you should try to avoid as it reads every row and is also slow) or an index read (which is billed like a row read)

IIsaac McFadyen Either a full table scan (which you should try to avoid as it reads every row an...

Sb•9/14/25, 2:04 PM

Can you please explain with some example (using numbers) ?

1. I queried, but no matching row found. What will be the rows read value in it ??
2. I queried, 5 matched out of 1M, what will happen ?

SSb Can you please explain with some example (using numbers) ? 1. I queried, but no...

Isaac McFadyen•9/14/25, 2:10 PM

It's going to heavily depend on your queries and DB schema so we won't be able to give a concrete answer, you'll have to make the queries and check the metrics D1 returns.

Roman•9/14/25, 3:27 PM

i need some help with understanding how to access a d1 db binding in astro

Roman•9/14/25, 3:57 PM

okay i think i got it

SSb Can you please explain with some example (using numbers) ? 1. I queried, but no...

James•9/14/25, 4:34 PM

Rows retrieved has nothing to do with rows read.

JJames Rows retrieved has nothing to do with rows read.

Sb•9/14/25, 5:43 PM

So, doesn't it make the system little negative?

Because, to find the rows to be retrieved.
It must scan all the rows (read all the rows to see if they are valid for the query )

And it will exponentially grow the billing as the db grows.

Am I correct?

SSb So, doesn't it make the system little negative? Because, to find the rows to be...

Isaac McFadyen•9/14/25, 5:47 PM

It does not scan all the rows if you have an index on the rows.

Isaac McFadyen•9/14/25, 5:47 PM

In that case only the index will be searched (much fewer rows read)

Roman•9/14/25, 7:06 PM

why cant better-auth just work with d1

RRoman why cant better-auth just work with d1 😭

gruntlord6•9/15/25, 12:40 AM

it works with sqlite and drizzle so I imagine you can get it going

gruntlord6•9/15/25, 12:40 AM

I always used clerk though

SSb So, doesn't it make the system little negative? Because, to find the rows to be...

lambrospetrou•9/15/25, 8:00 AM

I suggest you do a read of this guide: https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/best-practices/use-indexes/
D1 bills for rows read and written, not returned.
You can significantly decrease the amount of rows read for each query by using indexes and optimizing your queries to avoid scans of entire tables.
Using EXPLAIN <yourSQLquery>EXPLAIN <yourSQLquery> also helps you figure out what SQLite will do and see if you miss indexes.

BTW, most LLMs nowadays are really good with SQL and can tell you how to optimize your queries based on your schemas.

Cloudflare Docs

Use indexes

Indexes enable D1 to improve query performance over the indexed columns for common (popular) queries by reducing the amount of data (number of rows) the database has to scan when running a query.

maj•9/16/25, 9:35 AM

How accurate are the numbers in the "Queries" section of the "Overview"? I have a query which always shows zero rows read. Yet I know from testing (and logging) that the query is successful and would return data. It must have read some rows. Yet it's always zero. Is this just an analytics issue, rounding error (I think the query would read two rows when successful)?

greenface•9/16/25, 9:41 AM

#d1-database

Ggruntlord6 it works with sqlite and drizzle so I imagine you can get it going

Roman•9/16/25, 12:42 PM

Will try with drizzle again

RRoman why cant better-auth just work with d1 😭

toadilywasted•9/16/25, 2:08 PM

works for me!

toadilywasted•9/16/25, 2:08 PM

LMK if you have any specific issues

toadilywasted•9/16/25, 2:10 PM

(fwiw this was one of the main things I had to do for compatibility on d1/drizzle, then replace in my better auth drizzle schema all the date [e.g. createdAt] column types)

import { customType } from "drizzle-orm/sqlite-core";

// Custom date type for D1 compatibility - converts Date objects to/from Unix timestamps
// Required for better-auth to work with Cloudflare D1 which doesn't support Date objects
export const D1DateTime = customType<{
  data: Date | null;
  driverData: number | null;
}>({
  dataType() {
    return "integer";
  },
  fromDriver(value: number | null): Date | null {
    return value ? new Date(value * 1000) : null; // Convert from Unix seconds to Date
  },
  toDriver(value: Date | null): number | null {
    return value ? Math.floor(value.getTime() / 1000) : null; // Convert Date to Unix seconds
  },
});

import { customType } from "drizzle-orm/sqlite-core";

// Custom date type for D1 compatibility - converts Date objects to/from Unix timestamps
// Required for better-auth to work with Cloudflare D1 which doesn't support Date objects
export const D1DateTime = customType<{
  data: Date | null;
  driverData: number | null;
}>({
  dataType() {
    return "integer";
  },
  fromDriver(value: number | null): Date | null {
    return value ? new Date(value * 1000) : null; // Convert from Unix seconds to Date
  },
  toDriver(value: Date | null): number | null {
    return value ? Math.floor(value.getTime() / 1000) : null; // Convert Date to Unix seconds
  },
});

Ttoadilywasted LMK if you have any specific issues

Roman•9/16/25, 2:41 PM

Migrations, because better auth wants an exported auth object, which is not possible with how bindings with d1 work

Ttoadilywasted (fwiw this was one of the main things I had to do for compatibility on d1/drizzl...

James•9/16/25, 4:42 PM

You’re storing seconds (Math.floor(ms / 1000)) instead of milliseconds. That’s fine, but make sure it matches the rest of your system. Some Drizzle examples with SQLite use milliseconds since Date.now() is in ms. Seconds is more compact but can trip you up.

Ttoadilywasted (fwiw this was one of the main things I had to do for compatibility on d1/drizzl...

James•9/16/25, 4:44 PM

Also in your D1 schema if you specify integer in your drizzle schema with the mode of timestamp_ms, you woudln't need this hack

JJames Also in your D1 schema if you specify integer in your drizzle schema with the mo...

toadilywasted•9/16/25, 4:46 PM

really? I couldnt get it to work before, maybe fixed now, will try again. would be helpful. back when I added this I ran into some issue deep in drizzle that the Date was not properly being constructed if I did it another way

Llambrospetrou Hey folks, for those that don't read changelogs, we documented the automatic ret...

Tony Leung•9/17/25, 9:11 AM

I knew it, sometimes D1 hiccuped for a second and back to normal with some cryptic SQLITE ERROR. So i can now confirm that it's not my sh*tty code that make that problem. One less thing to think about, 999999 more

TTony Leung I knew it, sometimes D1 hiccuped for a second and back to normal with some crypt...

lambrospetrou•9/17/25, 9:25 AM

SQLITE_ERRORSQLITE_ERROR errors are coming from SQLite itself, so those are probably not fixable by retries. Retries improve issues like networking hiccups, or servers going down, or other transient things.
Retries don't fix broken queries. If you have specific SQLITE_ERRORs you get, then we can see what they mean.

Llambrospetrou `SQLITE_ERROR` errors are coming from SQLite itself, so those are probably not f...

Tony Leung•9/17/25, 9:28 AM

sorry for making an unfunny joke... we haven't seen much cryptic things like that since the post-alpha D1. If we will record more logs and report back to you as soon as I saw one

Tony Leung•9/17/25, 9:30 AM

btw is there any progress on this: https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-sdk/issues/5438

GitHub

🚀 Feature Request: Allow turning off foreign key check while mig...

Some table altering tasks in SQLite cannot be achieved without replacing it with a new table (by dropping - recreating the table) (like adding foreign keys, changing primary keys, updating column t...