Is it possible to use a backend framework like fastify and postgres for query with a wrangler/d1 pro

Is it possible to use a backend framework like fastify and postgres for query with a wrangler/d1 project?

AAmodeus R.Is it possible to use a backend framework like fastify and postgres for query wi...

You can use Hono.js (which is similar to Express in terms of dev experience), and bind to a D1 DB to query it from your Worker (https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/worker-api/) - it uses sqlite's dialect of SQL under the hood, not postgres.

Cloudflare Docs

Workers Binding API · Cloudflare D1 docs

You can execute SQL queries on your D1 database from a Worker using the Worker Binding API. To do this, you can perform the following steps:

w3bcode•1/3/25, 2:19 PM

local

MMax (@rozenmd)You can use Hono.js (which is similar to Express in terms of dev experience), an...

Amodeus R.OP•1/3/25, 2:21 PM

I see, thank you for the answer!

kamama•1/3/25, 2:58 PM

Any official way to report the D1 slow issue?

slagathor•1/3/25, 3:58 PM

Hey is D1 support down atm?

slagathor•1/3/25, 3:58 PM

slagathor•1/3/25, 3:58 PM

seems to be stuck loading for me on the CLI and web dashboard

xintercept•1/3/25, 4:00 PM

I'm running into that too, was wondering why my

terraform plan

terraform plan

was hanging

Xxintercept I'm running into that too, was wondering why my `terraform plan` was hanging 🙃

slagathor•1/3/25, 4:00 PM

at least we aren't alone

Sslagathor at least we aren't alone 😅

xintercept•1/3/25, 4:01 PM

lol, we can cry together

aza547•1/3/25, 4:09 PM

Same here ^^

aza547•1/3/25, 4:09 PM

Seems to be back? Atleast partially

Chaika•1/3/25, 4:17 PM

seems ok to me via dash

Max (@rozenmd)•1/3/25, 4:31 PM

There was an issue with the API: https://www.cloudflarestatus.com/incidents/mx4qz4w48lwc

Cloudflare D1 - API Availability Issues

Swaraj Sahu•1/4/25, 7:21 AM

hello, i'm using this tutorial to integrate primsa + D1 into my project

https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/tutorials/d1-and-prisma-orm/

However, -- remote flag working..

idk why local sqlite db is not getting created. that's why not able to do local devlopment.

getting this error while applying migrations

wrangler d1 migrations apply my-db --local

wrangler d1 migrations apply my-db --local

workerd/jsg/util.c++:274: error: e = workerd/util/sqlite.c++:413: failed: expected _ec == SQLITE_OK [14 == 0]; unable to open database file: SQLITE_CANTOPEN
stack: 7ff6fb11418c 7ff6fb5a31aa 7ff6fb5a2959 7ff6fafab7bb 7ff6fafab54b 7ff6fb1b2738 7ff6fb1b2589 7ff6fb1b0d3f 7ff6fb1799ff 7ff6fb1791d2 7ff6fafaa577 7ff6fafa9da8 7ff6fafa9bdb 7ff6fafa6ff1 7ff6fafa6d33 7ff6fafadfd3 7ff6fafc9cd7 0 7ff6fb6a2c7c 0 0 0; sentryErrorContext = jsgInternalError

workerd/jsg/util.c++:274: error: e = workerd/util/sqlite.c++:413: failed: expected _ec == SQLITE_OK [14 == 0]; unable to open database file: SQLITE_CANTOPEN
stack: 7ff6fb11418c 7ff6fb5a31aa 7ff6fb5a2959 7ff6fafab7bb 7ff6fafab54b 7ff6fb1b2738 7ff6fb1b2589 7ff6fb1b0d3f 7ff6fb1799ff 7ff6fb1791d2 7ff6fafaa577 7ff6fafa9da8 7ff6fafa9bdb 7ff6fafa6ff1 7ff6fafa6d33 7ff6fafadfd3 7ff6fafc9cd7 0 7ff6fb6a2c7c 0 0 0; sentryErrorContext = jsgInternalError

any help?

Abakir•1/4/25, 7:33 AM

I have a question does the local database have the same id as the one in production all the time ?

I want to know so when people collbrate on a project they can follow the same steps?

szakszuk•1/5/25, 5:52 PM

anyone also experienced very slow queries on D1? My worker itseld responds quite fast ~50ms but when I add any D1 query it responds withing ~1000ms, which 90% of the time is spend on the query. Also from CF dashboard I see that response time is huge, while query is very fast (I basically have 0 data, just testing).
I'm on a free plan so maybe it's related but just wanted some confirmation, thx

Sszakszuk anyone also experienced very slow queries on D1? My worker itseld responds quite...

Ari•1/5/25, 9:39 PM

Same issue over here

AAri Same issue over here

Chaika•1/5/25, 9:53 PM

I would debug it using the following steps

Where is worker running (or rather, where are you connecting to)? You can check the response headers: Cf-Ray Header, at the end is the Airport code. Or you can go to the virtual path
```
/cdn-cgi/trace
```
```
/cdn-cgi/trace
```
on your worker's hostname, look for
```
colo=<airportCode>
```
```
colo=<airportCode>
```
. If you have Smart Placement enabled, then check the cf-placement response header, end of that is airport code.
Where is the database running? You can use
```
npx wrangler d1 info <dbName>
```
```
npx wrangler d1 info <dbName>
```
, If you're not sure. you'll get a region returned like ENAM (East North America), or APAC (Asia Pacific)
If you're making multiple queries for a single incoming request, Smart Placement can help, or just placing your DB closer to your users
If you're connecting to a location reasonably near and your DB is near/latency is way higher then it should be, then debug the query itself.

If the query is simple, run the same query via the D1 Console Tab, below your query, you'll see
Response time 1354ms, query time 0.18ms
Query time is what you're interested in, it should be reasonable, like a few ms at max for simple queries.
Ignore Response Time via D1 Console or Wrangler, it's not representative of what you'd see in reality. It's going through API Layer -> Core (which only runs in a few locations), then to your D1 Instance. Worker/D1 Binding run at edge and connect directly to your database, not going through core/api layer/etc.

From the workers api, if using .run on a prepared statement check meta.duration for time in milliseconds spent executing. .exec has

duration

duration

You can also do performance.now before/after query to measure end to end latency of each query and shove it into a response header or console.log it

Checking your database's graphs for query latency metrics and/or

npx wrangler d1 insights <db>

npx wrangler d1 insights <db>

can be helpful for debugging slow queries as well

Chaika•1/5/25, 9:53 PM

same for @szakszuk

Chaika•1/5/25, 9:56 PM

usually some combination of multiple queries to far away DB/bad routing to CF/looking at d1 console/wrangler performance and not deployed worker, etc

CChaika I would debug it using the following steps 1. Where is worker running (or rathe...

Ari•1/5/25, 10:05 PM

I tested deploying a worker, the query time seems ok but the response time is too slow to be acceptable

AAri I tested deploying a worker, the query time seems ok but the response time is to...

Chaika•1/5/25, 10:10 PM

which region is your db?

CChaika which region is your db?

Ari•1/5/25, 10:19 PM

Its in WNAM, I am in Brazil, this maybe be the reason...

AAri Its in WNAM, I am in Brazil, this maybe be the reason...

Chaika•1/5/25, 10:51 PM

yea, D1 DBs/Durable Objects don't run in South America, WNAM is Western North America, like Dallas/Los Angeles/Seattle, going to be a decent latency to there from Brazil.
ENAM should be better, espec if your D1 DB gets placed in Miami, but Chicago/New Jersey are part of ENAM as well, so can vary a fair bit depending on that

Ferdinand•1/6/25, 1:34 AM

Hello, can I use D1 with server actions?

CChaika I would debug it using the following steps 1. Where is worker running (or rathe...

szakszuk•1/6/25, 9:44 AM

Thanks that must be the reason, my worker runs in WAW (Poland) and d1 db in WNAM so ofc latency is huge. I used the automatic option for smart location assuming it will use some European region.
After moving db to eu response time is ~100ms which I guess is acceptable for my little side project

szakszuk•1/6/25, 9:48 AM

@Chaika Just want to make sure, as I can't find any info. What it means --location=eeur vs --location=weur . I mean which exact location is that eg. city/country.

Sszakszuk @Chaika Just want to make sure, as I can't find any info. What it means --locati...

lambrospetrou•1/6/25, 11:48 AM

You cannot influence at the city level. At the moment location hints are very broad, and you can see similar hints for Durable Objects: https://developers.cloudflare.com/durable-objects/reference/data-location/#supported-locations-1
In https://where.durableobjects.live/ you can see which cities are covered in each of those hints.

Sszakszuk @Chaika Just want to make sure, as I can't find any info. What it means --locati...

Chaika•1/6/25, 2:07 PM

yea like they said there's the website for that, lots of cities in each one and it'll move within region if there's any issues/maintenance
https://where.durableobjects.live/region/weur
https://where.durableobjects.live/region/eeur

pat me•1/6/25, 3:44 PM

has anyone used auth js with cloudflare d1? since the billing is a bit more technical and I don't know what auth js is doing for sign ins and session, I am not sure what the costing would be like for how many users. any rough ideas?

lucasp•1/6/25, 5:00 PM

hi, how to backup a d1? i've tried to follow docs but dosent works

wrangler d1 backup create cyguro-db-dev

✘ [ERROR] A request to the Cloudflare API (/accounts/2d2da569ea5c41d87eba7d610279d290/d1/database/c25c6f21-3669-4672-9eaf-58242589258c/backup) failed.

  The request is malformed: Only alpha D1 databases support backups. Production databases support
  time-travel: c25c6f21-3669-4672-9eaf-58242589258c (v3) [code: 7400]

wrangler d1 backup create cyguro-db-dev

✘ [ERROR] A request to the Cloudflare API (/accounts/2d2da569ea5c41d87eba7d610279d290/d1/database/c25c6f21-3669-4672-9eaf-58242589258c/backup) failed.

  The request is malformed: Only alpha D1 databases support backups. Production databases support
  time-travel: c25c6f21-3669-4672-9eaf-58242589258c (v3) [code: 7400]

Llucasp hi, how to backup a d1? i've tried to follow docs but dosent works ```bash wrang...

Chaika•1/6/25, 5:03 PM

Manual backups like that were only an alpha thing. Production Databases support time travel like it says: https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/reference/time-travel/#restore-a-database
You can jump back to any point in the last 30 days, nothing to do to enable

Chaika•1/6/25, 5:03 PM

You can export your prod db using the export command, if you just want the sql: https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/best-practices/import-export-data/#export-an-existing-d1-database

CChaika You can export your prod db using the export command, if you just want the sql: ...

lucasp•1/6/25, 5:04 PM

yes i'd like to download the db tomake local tests

cosbgn•1/7/25, 7:16 AM

I'm getting quite a few of these.. Anything I could do on my end to avoid them?

Ccosbgn I'm getting quite a few of these.. Anything I could do on my end to avoid them?

lambrospetrou•1/7/25, 9:20 AM

What kind of queries are you doing? (rows accessed, row size, database size, etc)

cosbgn•1/7/25, 1:15 PM

@lambrospetrou this:

const [ widget ] = await db.select().from(schema.widgets).where( eq(schema.widgets.id, widget_id) ).limit(1)

const [ widget ] = await db.select().from(schema.widgets).where( eq(schema.widgets.id, widget_id) ).limit(1)

But I'm not sure if it always happens on this query

cosbgn•1/7/25, 1:16 PM

actually now that I opened every logs it also happened on a different route

jose luis•1/7/25, 3:23 PM

The type

D1PreparedStatement

D1PreparedStatement

has a

statement

statement

property, but

TS

TS

doesn't know about it

// This code works
const ps = env.DB.prepare(pragmaStmts[key]);
const data = await ps.all();
jsonData.push({ statement: ps.statement, [key]: data.results });
//ts complains:
`Property 'statement' does not exist on type 'D1PreparedStatement'.ts(2339)`

// This code works
const ps = env.DB.prepare(pragmaStmts[key]);
const data = await ps.all();
jsonData.push({ statement: ps.statement, [key]: data.results });
//ts complains:
`Property 'statement' does not exist on type 'D1PreparedStatement'.ts(2339)`

All the Cloudflare D1 types work as expected as far i can tell, except this one.

# npm ls
@cloudflare/workers-types@4.20241230.0

# npm ls
@cloudflare/workers-types@4.20241230.0

w3bcode•1/7/25, 3:47 PM

Is there any limit on number of D1 i can attach to a worker ? Also what would be preffered way to apply migrations when created a db through cloudflare api ?

Ww3bcode Is there any limit on number of D1 i can attach to a worker ? Also what would be...

Chaika•1/7/25, 3:50 PM

~5,000 or so https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/platform/limits/
Using Durable Object's SQlite makes sense if you're going to have a good amount of them/create dynamically: https://blog.cloudflare.com/sqlite-in-durable-objects/
API has rate limits (1.2k / 5 mins per user) shared across dashboard and all endpoints. Durable Objects can be created/sent requests to dynamically

Jjose luis The type `D1PreparedStatement` has a `statement` property, but `TS` doesn't kno...

lambrospetrou•1/7/25, 3:57 PM

preparedStatement.statement

preparedStatement.statement

is not meant to be used by client Worker code (i.e. you). You have access to the statement since you are the one providing it to the

prepare()

prepare()

method, so use that instead.

Accessing private (as in non-documented) fields is a great recipe for future breakages when we change those fields. We do need to hide them properly (or whatever that will be in the JS world by obfuscating...) on our side though.

After you

prepare()

prepare()

and optionally

bind()

bind()

, only call these methods: https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/worker-api/prepared-statements/

CChaika ~5,000 or so https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/platform/limits/ Using Durable...

w3bcode•1/7/25, 4:11 PM

I assume durable objects would also have limits regarding storage size. Does this suit well, if we want to have multi tentant data ?

When using Durable Objects, it's important to remember that they are intended to scale out, not up. A single object is inherently limited in throughput since it runs on a single thread of a single machine. To handle more traffic, you create more objects. This is easiest when different objects can handle different logical units of state (like different documents, different users, or different "shards" of a database), where each unit of state has low enough traffic to be handled by a single object.

Ww3bcode I assume durable objects would also have limits regarding storage size. Does thi...

Chaika•1/7/25, 4:18 PM

D1's not really any different, it itself is just built on top of Durable Objects. Although currently DO SQlite while in beta has a storage limit of 1 GB per DB and D1 has 10 per GB, I would expect them to match eventually

workerd/jsg/util.c++:274: error: e = workerd/util/sqlite.c++:413: failed: expected _ec == SQLITE_OK [14 == 0]; unable to open database file: SQLITE_CANTOPEN stack: 7ff6fb11418c 7ff6fb5a31aa 7ff6fb5a2959 7ff6fafab7bb 7ff6fafab54b 7ff6fb1b2738 7ff6fb1b2589 7ff6fb1b0d3f 7ff6fb1799ff 7ff6fb1791d2 7ff6fafaa577 7ff6fafa9da8 7ff6fafa9bdb 7ff6fafa6ff1 7ff6fafa6d33 7ff6fafadfd3 7ff6fafc9cd7 0 7ff6fb6a2c7c 0 0 0; sentryErrorContext = jsgInternalError

wrangler d1 backup create cyguro-db-dev ✘ [ERROR] A request to the Cloudflare API (/accounts/2d2da569ea5c41d87eba7d610279d290/d1/database/c25c6f21-3669-4672-9eaf-58242589258c/backup) failed. The request is malformed: Only alpha D1 databases support backups. Production databases support time-travel: c25c6f21-3669-4672-9eaf-58242589258c (v3) [code: 7400]

// This code works const ps = env.DB.prepare(pragmaStmts[key]); const data = await ps.all(); jsonData.push({ statement: ps.statement, [key]: data.results }); //ts complains: `Property 'statement' does not exist on type 'D1PreparedStatement'.ts(2339)`

Is it possible to use a backend framework like fastify and postgres for query with a wrangler/d1 pro

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